Belching, known as eructation, is when air from the esophagus or stomach is released, often happening during or after eating. Most belching occurs because of swallowing air, which can increase if you eat quickly, drink fizzy drinks, chew gum, or smoke. Sometimes, gas is produced in the stomach due to antacids, especially those containing sodium bicarbonate, which quickly neutralizes stomach acid and releases carbon dioxide. Usually, belching isn't a sign of a serious digestive problem, but it can be more frequent in people with conditions like gastroesophageal reflux, functional dyspepsia, or gastroparesis. In some cases, chronic and excessive belching that originates above the stomach is a functional issue caused by the accidental intake of air into the esophagus, often due to subconscious muscle contractions and relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter. This condition can be managed with behavioral changes
Bloating and feeling overly full are common complaints in people with functional GI issues. When these symptoms happen on their own without other serious problems, they are usually not caused by something structurally wrong in the body. Functional bloating might occur because some people are more sensitive to even small increases in gas in their intestines, or their gas moves through their system more slowly, even if the total amount of gas is normal.
However, if distention (sudden swelling) happens suddenly along with worrisome symptoms like crampy pain, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, trouble having bowel movements, or diarrhea, it should be checked out for potential issues like intestinal blockages or problems absorbing nutrients.
Treatment for functional bloating, along with pain and loose or watery stool, can involve a medication called Rifaximin taken for two weeks. But changes in diet and behavior, as well as reassurance, can also be helpful. Probiotics, however, haven't been proven to help with bloating and feeling too full unless you meet specific criteria for irritable bowel syndrome.